Connaissances et attitudes des femmes congolaises sur la prévention de la transmission mère enfant du VIH

Dans le but de réduire la transmission mère-enfant du VIH, nous avons entre mai et octobre 2013, soit en 6 mois, évaluées connaissances et attitudes des femmes congolaises en matière de PTME. Les gestantes et les accouchées récentes congolaises consentantes ayant consulté dans les hôpitaux et centres de santé de Brazzaville et de Pointe-Noire ont constitué notre population d'étude. Nos sources de données étaient l'interview des femmes ainsi que les fiches des consultations prénatales. Les variables d'étude étaient : l'âge, le niveau d'instruction, la connaissance de l'infection à VIH, son mode de contamination et ses moyens de prévention, la connaissance de la transmission mère-enfant, le moment de cette transmission, les moyens de la prévention de sa transmission, la connaissance de l'existence du programme PTME au Congo, et l'attitude des femmes devant la proposition du test de dépistage du VIH. Le test Chi² de PEASON a permis de comparer les variables qualitatives. Le seuil de signification statistique était fixé à 5%. Cinq cents (500) femmes ont été inclues, elles avaient moins de 19 ans n=92 (18,4%), entre 20 à 24 ans n=133 (26,6%), entre 25 à 29 ans n=199(23,8%), 30 à 34 ans n=82(16,4%), et, 35 ans et plus n=74(14,8%).Elles avaient un niveau d'instruction primaire n= 197 (39,4%), secondaire n= 251.Le VIH était connu n=493(99,40%).La source d'information était les médias n=272(54,4%).Les voies de contamination du VIH connues étaient : la voie sexuelle n=488, la contamination par les objets souillés n=375.Les moyens de prévention du VIH étaient connus n=485(97%). Il s'est agi du préservatif n=274(54,8%), la fidélité n=5(1%) et l'abstinence n=3(0,6%).La possibilité de transmission du virus de la mère à l'enfant était connue n= 426(85,2%). Les moyens de prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH cités étaient : la prise des ARV pendant la grossesse n=270 (53,4%), l'usage des substituts de lait en lieu et place du lait maternel n=87(17,20%).Le programme de prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH était connu n= 244(46,80%) et la proposition de la réalisation d'un test de dépistage était acceptée n=224(44,80%). L'incidence élevée du VIH au Congo ainsi que la possibilité bien connue de la transmission du virus de la mère à l'enfant nécessitent que soient renforcées les connaissances des femmes en matière de VIH. Le bon suivi de la grossesse et de l'accouchement constitue l'autre axe de prévention

[Epidemiology and outcome of Congolese children who had surgery for heart defects]. / Épidémiologie et devenir des enfants congolais opérés pour cardiopathies congénitales.

AIMS: to determine the principal heart defects for which children underwent surgery and to determine the survival rate. PATIENT AND METHODS: this retrospective cohort study involves Congolese babies treated surgically from September 1989 to September 2010 in France for congenital heart defects (through "Mécénat chirurgie cardiaque" and "Chaîne de l'espoir"). It includes only 110 of the 182 recorded patients during the study period. RESULTS: The sex ratio for the 110 subjects included in the analysis was 1. Their mean age at surgery was 77.4 ± 57.6 months old (range: 8 to 204 months). The main congenital heart defects for which surgery was performed were ventricular septal defect (21.9%), tetralogy of Fallot either isolated (22.8%) or associated with patent foramen ovale (1.8%) or coronary anomalies (1.8%), atrial septal defect associated with other malformations (8.2%), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (5.5%), aortic stenosis (3.7%), atrioventricular septal defect (0.9%), and Laubry-Pezzi syndrome (0.9%). The median length of follow-up was 42.4 ± 35.6 months (range, 3-240 months). Patients' mean age at the study's end was 121.1 ± 86.3 months (range 20-372 months). The 5-year survival rate was 90% and the 20-year survival, 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Heart surgery for congenital heart defects has improved survival.

[Priapism in children and adolescents with homozygous sickle cell disease in Brazzaville]. / Priapisme chez l'enfant et l'adolescent drépanocytaire homozygote à Brazzaville.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of priapism, assess knowledge and appreciate its characteristics in childhood sickle cell disease. METHODOLOGY: A case-control study was conducted at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Clinical Urology). The cases consisted of 202 sickle cell anemia who are at least 5 years. Witnesses consisted of 112 children with sickle cell disease not of the same age from the same family as the previous. RESULTS: Priapism was found in 68 (34%) affected children, divided into 54 cases (79.4%) of chronic intermittent priapism and 14 cases (20.6%) of acute priapism. In the control group no cases were observed (p=0.001). Priapism was known by six (3%) patients in the group of children with sickle cell disease. In the control group, it was known by 25 (22.3%) children. It was seen in the group of sickle cell disease as any: 113 children (56%), a natural phenomenon that can occur in life: 57 children (28%), a complication of sickle cell disease: 26 children (13%). In the control group, it was considered a natural phenomenon that can occur in life: 60 children (53.6%), a complication of sickle cell disease: 52 children (46.4%). The average age of priapism occurred in the first episode was 10.4±9.5 years. CONCLUSION: The importance of the prevalence of priapism, and insufficient knowledge needed strengthening information, education and communication with children and their parents.

[Tooth decay in school environment at Brazzaville (Congo)]. / La carie dentaire en milieu scolaire a Brazzaville (Congo).

AIM: To determine the frequency of dental caries and habits that can be the cause of this disease in Brazzaville. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in primary schools between February and May 2010. This study involved a sample of 307 students of both sexes, aged 4-15 years from school in the city of Brazzaville. RESULTS: Prevalence of dental caries was 53.4% and the index of DMFT 2.06. Use of toothbrush was 99.4%. Two children (0.7%) brushed their teeth three times a day. There was a statistical link between regularity of brushing and occurrence of caries. The prevalence of caries was of 53% in children who brushed once a day and 12.8% in those who brushed twice a day. No decay was noted in those who brushed three times a day (p = 0.001). The DMFT was 2.06 in children who used non-fluoridated toothpaste and 1.13 in those who used the fluoridated toothpaste (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: To ensure students a better oral hygiene and healthier teeth, a module in oral health education in schools is one of the way to fight against this public health problem.